The main motivation for this publication was to provide information for conservation organizations, development agencies, national and regional administrations and project managers on environmental problems. It contains and describes: • The distribution of high Andean forests • Geographic distribution of birds and other groups of animals and plants associated with Polylepis forests • Ecological values ​​• Better management of lands where Polylepis can grow • Discussion of market policies and cultural obstacles • Action plan to mitigate biodiversity loss • Identification and distribution of Polylepis species.